TITLE: GCN CIRCULAR
NUMBER: 43586
SUBJECT: GRB 260131A/B: GOTO candidate optical counterpart consistent with the MAXI localisation
DATE: 26/01/31 23:32:35 GMT
FROM: Ben Gompertz at U of Birmingham <b.gompertz(a)bham.ac.uk>
B. P. Gompertz, D. O’Neill, K. Ackley, M. Dyer, J. Lyman, K. Ulaczyk, D. Steeghs, D. Galloway, V. Dhillon, P. O'Brien, G. Ramsay, K. Noysena, R. Kotak, R. Breton, J. Casares, L. Nuttall, R. Starling, B. Godson, T. Killestein, A. Kumar, M. Pursiainen, on behalf of GOTO collaboration:
We report on optical observations with the Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO; Steeghs et al. 2022, Dyer et al. 2024) in response to GRB 260131A (Fermi/GBM Team, GCN 43579), now associated with GRB 260131B (Sugai et al., GCN 43580; Roberts et al., GCN 43585).
Observations covering the initial GBM localisation area of GRB 260131A began at 2026-01-31 20:00:48 UT (+13.35h post trigger) and continued through to 2026-01-31 21:32:06 UT (+14.88h post trigger). 103 images were taken, across 10 unique pointings, covering 215.8 within the 90% localisation contour. ~89.8% of the total 2D localisation probability was covered, with an average 5-sigma depth of 19.4 mag in the GOTO-L filter (400 - 700nm).
Images were processed immediately after acquisition using the GOTO pipeline. Difference imaging was performed using deeper template observations. Source candidates were initially filtered using a classifier (Killestein et al. 2021) and cross-matched against a variety of contextual and minor planet catalogs. Human vetting was carried out in real time on any candidates that passed the above checks.
A new optical source GOTO26akj/AT2026bwg is identified at coordinates:
RA,DEC (J2000) = 24.713819, 34.328119,
01:38:51.32, +34:19:41.23
This position is consistent with the MAXI localisation of GRB 260131B (Sugai et al., GCN 43580).
The source was initially detected with L = 17.41 ± 0.03 AB mag (t0+13.62h) before fading to L = 17.59 ± 0.04 mag (t0+14.75h). We find no evidence of the source prior to the GRB trigger time in the most recent pre-GRB GOTO observations taken at 19:59:53 on 2026-01-28 (t0-58.66h) down to a 5-sigma depth of L > 19.55 AB mag. We also find no evidence of the source prior to the GRB in the ZTF observations provided by the Lasair broker (Smith et al. 2019) or the ATLAS forced photometry server (Shingles et al. 2021).
Due to its temporal coincidence with GRB 260131A/B, apparent fading, and spatial coincidence with the relatively small MAXI localisation region, we consider GOTO26akj/AT2026bwg to be a promising candidate optical counterpart. Further observations to determine the nature of the source are strongly encouraged.
GOTO (https://goto-observatory.org) is a network of telescopes that is principally funded by the STFC and operated at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on La Palma, Spain, and Siding Spring Observatory in NSW, Australia, on behalf of a consortium including the University of Warwick, Monash University, Armagh Observatory & Planetarium, the University of Leicester, the University of Sheffield, the National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (NARIT), the University of Turku, the University of Portsmouth, the University of Manchester, the University of Birmingham
and the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC).
View this GCN Circular online at https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/43586.
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TITLE: GCN CIRCULAR
NUMBER: 43585
SUBJECT: GRB 260131A/B: Fermi GBM Observation
DATE: 26/01/31 23:12:56 GMT
FROM: oliver.roberts(a)universityofgalway.ie
O.J. Roberts (Uni. of Galway, Ireland) reports on behalf of the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor Team:
"At 06:39:30.44 UT on 31 January 2026, the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM)
triggered and located GRB 260131A/B (trigger 791534375/260131277).
which was also detected by MAXI (H. Sugai et al. 2026, GCN 43580).
The Fermi GBM final real-time Localization (GCN 43579) is consistent with the MAXI position.
The MAXI burst triggered on the second pulse of 260131A.
We note both bursts have similar locations and are likely the same event.
The angle from the Fermi LAT boresight using the MAXI location is 112 degrees.
The GBM light curve consists of two separated FRED emission episodes
with a duration (T90) of about 257 s (50-300 keV). The time-averaged spectrum
from T0-2.0 to T0+280.0 s is best fit by a Band function with an
Epeak of 148 +/- 39 keV, alpha is -0.90 +/- 0.16 and
beta is -1.76 +/- 0.06.
The event fluence (10-1000 keV) in this time interval is
(2.82 +/- 0.09)E-05 erg/cm^2. The 1-sec peak photon flux measured
starting from T0+2.6 s in the 10-1000 keV band is 8.3 +/- 0.4 ph/s/cm^2.
The spectral analysis results presented above are preliminary;
final results will be published in the GBM GRB Catalog:
https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/W3Browse/fermi/fermigbrst.html
For Fermi GBM data and info, please visit the official Fermi GBM Support Page:
https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/gbm/"
View this GCN Circular online at https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/43585.
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TITLE: GCN CIRCULAR
NUMBER: 43584
SUBJECT: EP260131a: COLIBRÍ observations of slow optical fading
DATE: 26/01/31 15:00:38 GMT
FROM: Alan Watson at UNAM <alan(a)astro.unam.mx>
Benjamin Schneider (LAM), Alan M. Watson (UNAM), Fredd Sánchez Álvarez (UNAM), Jean-Luc Atteia (IRAP), Stéphane Basa (UAR Pytheas), William H. Lee (UNAM), Edilberto Aguilar-Ruiz (UNAM), Camila Angulo (UNAM), Dalya Akl (NYUAD), Sarah Antier (IJCLAB), Rosa L. Becerra (UNAM), Nathaniel R. Butler (ASU), Damien Dornic (CPPM), Jean-Grégoire Ducoin (CPPM), Francis Fortin (IRAP), Leonardo García García (UNAM), Ramandeep Gill (UNAM), Noémie Globus (UNAM), Asuka Kuwata (UNAM), Nikos Mandarakas (LAM), Diego López-Cámara (UNAM), Francesco Magnani (CPPM), Enrique Moreno Méndez (UNAM), Margarita Pereyra (UNAM), Ny Avo Rakotondrainibe (LAM), and Antonio de Ugarte Postigo (LAM) report:
We imaged the field of the EP260131a (Ding et al., GCN Circ. 43574; Wu et al, GCN CIrc 43583) using the DDRAGO two-channel wide-field imager on the COLIBRÍ telescope. We observed from 2026-01-31 04:40 to 11:52 UTC (from 1.14 to 8.35 hours after the trigger) and obtained, respectively, 127, 191, and 320 minutes of exposure in the g, r, and z filters.
The data were reduced, coadded, calibrated, and analyzed with the COLIBRÍ ASU pipeline. The photometry was calibrated using nearby stars from the PanSTARRS DR1 catalog, is in the AB system, and is not corrected for Galactic extinction.
The candidate optical counterpart reported by Li et al. (GCN Circ. 43577), Sánchez Álvarez et al (GCN Circ. 43578), Malesani et al. (GCN Circ 43581), and Schneider et al. (GCN Circ. 43582) is clearly detected in our data. It fades slowly from r ≈ 21.1 to r ≈ 21.4 and z ≈ 20.8 to z ≈ 21.2 during our observations with an apparent average temporal power-law index of -0.16 +/- 0.07.
We observe that the g-r color is 0.14 +/- 0.06, consistent with the detection by Schneider et al. (GCN Circ. 43582) down to the atmospheric cutoff.
We encourage further observations, especially over the next 24 hours.
We thank the staff of the Observatorio Astronómico Nacional on the Sierra de San Pedro Mártir and the COLIBRÍ and DDRAGO engineering teams.
COLIBRÍ is an astronomical observatory developed and operated jointly by France (AMU, CNES and CNRS) and Mexico (UNAM and SECIHTI). It is located at the Observatorio Astronómico Nacional on the Sierra de San Pedro Mártir, Baja California, Mexico.
View this GCN Circular online at https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/43584.
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TITLE: GCN CIRCULAR
NUMBER: 43583
SUBJECT: EP260131a: refined analysis of the EP-WXT and autonomous EP-FXT observations
DATE: 26/01/31 13:33:19 GMT
FROM: EP Team at NAOC/CAS <ep_ta(a)bao.ac.cn>
Q. Y. Wu (NAO, CAS), T. Wu , H. C. Ding (AHNU) , H. Sun (NAO,CAS) on behalf of the Einstein Probe (EP) team:
The fast X-ray transient EP260131a was detected by the Wide-field X-ray Telescope (WXT) on board the Einstein Probe (EP) mission (Ding et al., GCN 43574). The refined analysis of the WXT data shows that the event started at T0=2026-01-31T03:28:00.15 (UTC), and lasted for approximately 340 seconds, after which the observation was interrupted due to Earth occultation. The average WXT 0.5-4 keV spectrum can be fitted with an absorbed power law with a fixed Galactic hydrogen column density of 3.36 × 10^20 cm^-2, an intrinsic hydrogen column density of 5 (-3/+3) × 10^21 cm^-2, and a photon index of 1.9 (-0.8/+0.9). The derived average unabsorbed 0.5-4 keV flux is 6.3 (-1.5/+3.6) × 10^(-10) erg/s/cm^2.
The Follow-up X-ray Telescope (FXT) on board EP autonomously observed this source a few minutes after the on board trigger. The source was initially occulated the Earth and entered the FXT field of view since 2026-01-31T04:14:01 (UTC, T0+2.7 ks). The effective exposure time of the observation is around 3 ks. On-ground analysis of the FXT data found an uncatalogued source at R.A. = 149.9017, DEC = -3.3074 (J2000) with an uncertainty of 10 arcsec (radius, 90% C.L. statistical and systematic), which is consistent with the WXT position and also the optical counterpart (Li et al., GCN 43577; Álvarez et al., GCN 43578; Malesani et al., GCN 43581; Schneider et al., GCN 43582). The average 0.5-10 keV spectrum can be fitted with an absorbed power law with a fixed Galactic hydrogen column density of 3.36 × 10^20 cm^-2, an intrinsic hydrogen column density of 1.5 (-1.1/+1.3) × 10^21 cm^-2, and a photon index of 2.2 (-0.4/+0.4). The derived average unabsorbed 0.5-10 keV flux is 4.4 (-0.6/+0.6) × 10^(-13) erg/s/cm^2. The uncertainties are at the 90% confidence level for the above parameters.
Further FXT follow-up observations have been arranged.
Launched on January 9, 2024, EP is a space X-ray observatory to monitor the soft X-ray sky with X-ray follow-up capability (Yuan et al. 2022, Handbook of X-ray and Gamma-ray Astrophysics).
View this GCN Circular online at https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/43583.
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TITLE: GCN CIRCULAR
NUMBER: 43582
SUBJECT: EP260131a: VLT/X-shooter spectroscopic redshift z = 0.937
DATE: 26/01/31 12:24:23 GMT
FROM: Benjamin Schneider at MIT <bschn(a)mit.edu>
B. Schneider (LAM), A. Saccardi (CEA/Irfu), J. An (NAOC), D. Xu (NAOC), D. B. Malesani (DAWN/NBI and Radboud), V. D'Elia (ASI-SSDC), S. D. Vergani (LUX-Paris Obs.), N. Habeeb (U. Leicester), N. R. Tanvir (U. Leicester), A. L. Thakur (INAF-IAPS) report on behalf of the Stargate collaboration:
We observed the optical counterpart (Li et al., GCN 43577; Sánchez Álvarez et al., GCN 43578, Malesani et al, GCN 43581) of EP 260131a (Ding et al., GCN 43574) using the ESO/VLT UT3 (Melipal) equipped with the X-shooter spectrograph. Our spectra cover the wavelength range 3000-21000 AA and consist of 4 exposures of 1200 s each. Observations started on 2026 January 31 at 07:30:09 UT (3.98 hr after the burst).
In a stacked image of 3x60 s secured in the r-band (3.79 after trigger), we measure r = 21.20 +/- 0.04 (AB), calibrated against nearby stars from Pan-STARRS.
In a preliminary reduction of the spectra, we detect a continuum over the entire wavelength range. From detection in the blue down to 3090 AA, and the lack of hydrogen absorption, we set a redshift upper limit z < 1.54. Furthermore, we detect multiple absorption lines, which we interpret as Al II, Mn II, Fe II, Mg II doublet, and Ca II at a common redshift of z = 0.937.
The non-detection of fine-structure transitions at z = 0.937 does not allow us to firmly associate this redshift with the GRB, however, the absence of unidentified features at higher redshift and the good S/N over the full continuum, support z = 0.937 as the most likely redshift.
We acknowledge the excellent support of the ESO observing staff in Paranal, in particular Elisa Garro. The analysis of this spectrum was carried out with the help of the zHunter tool (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15189495).
View this GCN Circular online at https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/43582.
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TITLE: GCN CIRCULAR
NUMBER: 43581
SUBJECT: EP260131a: NOT early detection of the counterpart in "rapid response mode"
DATE: 26/01/31 09:00:08 GMT
FROM: Daniele Bjørn Malesani at Cosmic Dawn Center, Niels Bohr Institute <daniele.malesani(a)nbi.ku.dk>
D. B. Malesani (DAWN/NBI and Radboud), J. N. D. van Dalen (Radboud), J. A. Quirola-Vasquez (Radboud), P. G. Jonker (Radboud), K. Valeckas (NOT) report on behalf of a larger collaboration:
We observed the field of the fast X-ray transient EP260131a (Ding et al., GCN 43574) using the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) equipped with the ALFOSC camera. Observations were triggered using the recently implemented automatic “Rapid Response Mode” and obtained in the SDSS r and z bands, consisting of 5x180 s and 9x150 s exposures, respectively, starting on 2026-01-31 at 04:56:50 UTC (~2.5 min after the GCN Notice, or 52 min after the WXT trigger).
We detect the counterpart reported by Li et al. (GCN 43577) and Sánchez Álvarez et al. (GCN 43578). In our first frame (mid time 53.5 min after trigger), we measure r' = 21.18 +- 0.10 (AB) and from a stacked z-band image we measure z' = 20.75 +- 0.06 at time 75.2 min after the WXT trigger.
The above magnitudes are calibrated against nearby stars from the Pan-STARRS catalog and are not corrected for Galactic extinction.
View this GCN Circular online at https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/43581.
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TITLE: GCN CIRCULAR
NUMBER: 43580
SUBJECT: GRB 260131B: MAXI/GSC detection
DATE: 26/01/31 08:53:31 GMT
FROM: Motoko Serino at Aoyama Gakuin U. <serino(a)phys.aoyama.ac.jp>
H. Sugai (Chuo U.), D. Iijima, M. Serino (AGU),
H. Negoro, M. Nakajima, K. Takagi, H. Takahashi, H. Nishio (Nihon U.),
T. Mihara, T. Tamagawa, N. Kawai, M. Matsuoka (RIKEN),
T. Sakamoto, S. Sugita, Y. Kawakubo, H. Hiramatsu, Y. Kondo, A. Yoshida (AGU),
Y. Tsuboi, N. Nagashima, Y. Ishihara (Chuo U.),
M. Shidatsu, C. Kang, T. Nakamoto, M. Uenishi, T. Usuki, S. Yatsuzuka (Ehime U.),
I. Takahashi, Y. Yatsu (Science Tokyo),
S. Nakahira, S. Ueno, H. Tomida, M. Ishikawa, S. Ogawa, M. Kurihara (JAXA),
Y. Ueda, K. Fujiwara, S. Kobayashi (Kyoto U.),
M. Yamauchi, M. Nishio, C. Hiraizumi (Miyazaki U.),
K. Yamaoka (Nagoya U.),
M. Sugizaki (Kanazawa U.),
W. Iwakiri (Chiba U.),
T. Kawamuro (Osaka U.),
S. Yamada (Tohoku U)
The MAXI/GSC nova alert system triggered a bright uncatalogued X-ray transient
source at 06:43:02 UT on January 31, 2026.
Assuming that the source flux was constant over the transit,
we obtain the source position at
(R.A., Dec) = (24.348 deg, 34.351 deg) = (01 37 23, +34 21 03) (J2000)
with a statistical 90% C.L. elliptical error region
with long and short radii of 0.11 deg and 0.09 deg, respectively.
The roll angle of long axis from the north direction is 26.0 deg counterclockwise.
There is an additional systematic uncertainty of 0.1 deg (90% containment radius).
The X-ray flux averaged over the scan was 801 +- 56 mCrab
(4.0-10.0keV, 1 sigma error).
Without assumptions on the source constancy, we obtain a rectangular error
box for the transient source with the following corners:
(R.A., Dec) = (23.945, 34.685) deg = (01 35 46, +34 41 06) (J2000)
(R.A., Dec) = (23.826, 34.499) deg = (01 35 18, +34 29 56) (J2000)
(R.A., Dec) = (25.021, 33.970) deg = (01 40 05, +33 58 11) (J2000)
(R.A., Dec) = (25.142, 34.154) deg = (01 40 34, +34 09 14) (J2000)
There was no significant excess flux in the previous transit at 05:10 UT
and in the next transit at 08:16 UT with an upper limit of 20 mCrab for each.
View this GCN Circular online at https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/43580.
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TITLE: GCN CIRCULAR
NUMBER: 43578
SUBJECT: EP260131a: COLIBRÍ optical observations of the counterpart
DATE: 26/01/31 05:53:41 GMT
FROM: Alan Watson at UNAM <alan(a)astro.unam.mx>
Fredd Sánchez Álvarez (UNAM), Alan M. Watson (UNAM), Benjamin Schneider (LAM), Noémie Globus (UNAM), Stéphane Basa (UAR Pytheas), William H. Lee (UNAM), Edilberto Aguilar-Ruiz (UNAM), Jean-Luc Atteia (IRAP), Camila Angulo (UNAM), Dalya Akl (NYUAD), Sarah Antier (IJCLAB), Rosa L. Becerra (UNAM), Nathaniel R. Butler (ASU), Damien Dornic (CPPM), Jean-Grégoire Ducoin (CPPM), Francis Fortin (IRAP), Leonardo García García (UNAM), Ramandeep Gill (UNAM), Asuka Kuwata (UNAM), Nikos Mandarakas (LAM), Diego López-Cámara (UNAM), Francesco Magnani (CPPM), Enrique Moreno Méndez (UNAM), Margarita Pereyra (UNAM), Ny Avo Rakotondrainibe (LAM), and Antonio de Ugarte Postigo (LAM) report:
We imaged the field of the EP260131a (Ding et al., GCN Circ. 43574) using the DDRAGO two-channel wide-field imager on the COLIBRÍ telescope. We observed from 2026-01-31 04:40 to 05:32 UTC (from 1.14 to 2.02 hours after the trigger) and obtained 39 minutes of simultaneous exposure in the r and z filters.
The data were reduced, coadded, calibrated, and analyzed with the COLIBRÍ ASU pipeline. The photometry was calibrated using nearby stars from the PanSTARRS DR1 catalog, is in the AB system, and is not corrected for Galactic extinction.
In the stacked image, detect the candidate optical counterpart reported by Li et al. (GCN Circ. 43577) at preliminary magnitudes of:
r = 21.05 +/- 0.08,
z = 20.69 +/- 0.09.
Observations are ongoing.
We thank the staff of the Observatorio Astronómico Nacional on the Sierra de San Pedro Mártir and the COLIBRÍ and DDRAGO engineering teams.
COLIBRÍ is an astronomical observatory developed and operated jointly by France (AMU, CNES and CNRS) and Mexico (UNAM and SECIHTI). It is located at the Observatorio Astronómico Nacional on the Sierra de San Pedro Mártir, Baja California, Mexico.
View this GCN Circular online at https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/43578.
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TITLE: GCN CIRCULAR
NUMBER: 43577
SUBJECT: EP260131a: Las Cumbres detection of an optical counterpart
DATE: 26/01/31 05:12:32 GMT
FROM: Wenxiong Li at NAOC <liwenxiong1992(a)gmail.com>
Wenxiong Li, Runduo Liang (NAOC), Iair Arcavi (TAU), Ido Keinan (TAU), David Sand (U of Arizona)
We observed the position of EP260131a with a Las Cumbres 1m telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, Chile, ~1 hour after the Einstein Probe WXT trigger. We took 2x300s exposures in the broad optical w band.
We find a uncataloged source at RA=149.9025, Dec=-3.3073 within the EP-FXT error circle and measure the following preliminary photometry calibrated to the r band:
MJD 61071.183 Mag 20.9
Additional followup is encouraged.
View this GCN Circular online at https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/43577.
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