TITLE: GCN CIRCULAR
NUMBER: 41411
SUBJECT: GRB 240418A: Fermi GBM Observation
DATE: 25/08/18 15:01:48 GMT
FROM: Cuán de Barra at UCD <cuan.debarra(a)ucdconnect.ie>
C. de Barra (University College Dublin) and C. Meegan (UAH) report on behalf of the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor Team:
"At 01:31:23.00 UT on 18 August 2025, the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM)
triggered and located GRB 250818A (trigger 777173487/250818063)
which was also detected by Swift BAT (S. B. Cenko et al. 2025, GCN 41403).
The Fermi GBM on-ground location is consistent with the Swift BAT position.
The angle from the Fermi LAT boresight is 146 degrees.
The GBM light curve consists of multiple emission episodes with a duration (T90)
of about 101 s (50-300 keV). The time-averaged spectrum
from T0-9.2 to T0+94.2 s is best fit by
a power law function with an exponential high-energy cutoff.
The power law index is -0.83 +/- 0.14 and the cutoff energy,
parameterized as Epeak, is 83 +/- 5 keV.
The event fluence (10-1000 keV) in this time interval is
(1.62 +/- 0.06)E-05 erg/cm^2. The 1-sec peak photon flux measured
starting from T0+78 s in the 10-1000 keV band is 8.8 +/- 0.7 ph/s/cm^2.
The spectral analysis results presented above are preliminary;
final results will be published in the GBM GRB Catalog:
https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/W3Browse/fermi/fermigbrst.html
For Fermi GBM data and info, please visit the official Fermi GBM Support Page:
https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/gbm/"
View this GCN Circular online at https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/41411.
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TITLE: GCN CIRCULAR
NUMBER: 41410
SUBJECT: LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA S250818k: Coverage and upper limits from MAXI/GSC observations
DATE: 25/08/18 09:38:35 GMT
FROM: Satoshi Sugita at Aoyama Gakuin U. <sugita(a)phys.aoyama.ac.jp>
M. Nakajima, H. Negoro, K. Takagi (Nihon U.),
N. Kawai, T. Mihara, (RIKEN),
S. Sugita, M. Serino, Y. Kawakubo, H. Hiramatsu, Y. Kondo (AGU)
report on behalf of the MAXI team:
We examined MAXI/GSC all-sky X-ray images (2-20 keV)
after compact binary merger candidate S250818k at 2025-08-18 01:20:06.030 UTC.
At the trigger time of S250818k, the high-voltage of MAXI/GSC was on.
The instantaneous field of view of GSC at the GW trigger time covered 1% of the 90% credible region
of the bayestar sky map, in which we found no significant new X-ray source.
The first one-orbit (92 min) scan observation with GSC after the event covered 78%
of the 90% credible region of the bayestar skymap from 01:20:06 to 02:51:15 UTC (T0+0 to T0+5469 sec).
No significant new source was found in the region in the one-orbit scan observation.
A typical 1-sigma averaged upper limit obtained in one scan observation
is 20 mCrab at 2-20 keV.
If you require information about X-ray flux by MAXI/GSC at specific coordinates,
please contact the submitter of this circular by email.
View this GCN Circular online at https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/41410.
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TITLE: GCN CIRCULAR
NUMBER: 41409
SUBJECT: GRB 250818B: SVOM/VT optical observation
DATE: 25/08/18 07:13:51 GMT
FROM: SVOM_group <svomgroup(a)bao.ac.cn>
Z. H. Yao, L. P. Xin, H. L. Li, Y. L. Qiu, C. Wu, Y. N. Ma, X. H. Han, J. Wang, Y. Xu, P. P. Zhang, W. J. Xie, Y. J. Xiao, H. B. Cai, J. S. Deng, J. Y. Wei (NAOC), J. Palmerio (CEA), Z. Q. Wang (GXU), Y. F. Liang (PMOC) report on behalf of the SVOM/VT team.
SVOM performed an automatic slew on the burst GRB 250818B triggered by SVOM/ECLAIRs (Wang et al., GCN 41405). SVOM/VT start the observations at 2025-08-18T03:32:27.5, 198.5 seconds after the burst, in the VT_B (400nm-650nm) and VT_R (650nm-1000nm) channels simultaneously.
With X-band data availible, the optical counterpart (GOTO25fzq, Kumar et al., GCN 41406) at the position consistent with the locations of Swift/XRT (Ferro et al., GCN 41407), was clearly detected in VT_B. The magnitudes are:
T-T0 (s) | exposure time (s) | band | mag (AB) | mag err
------------------|-------------------|------|----------|--------
198.5 | 50 | VT_B | 17.61 | 0.03
3963.5 | 50 | VT_B | 19.02 | 0.03
Our photometry was not corrected for Galactic extinction.
The Space Variable Objects Monitor (SVOM) is a China-France joint mission led by the Chinese National Space Administration (CNSA, China), National Center for Space Studies (CNES, France) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS, China), which is dedicated to observing gamma-ray bursts and other transient phenomena in the energetic universe. VT was jointly developed by Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), CAS and National astronomical observatories (NAOC), CAS.
The SVOM point of contact for this burst is Ziqi Wang (ziqi.wang(a)st.gxu.edu.cn)
Please contact the BA by email if you require additional information regarding the SVOM follow-up of this burst.
View this GCN Circular online at https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/41409.
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TITLE: GCN CIRCULAR
NUMBER: 41408
SUBJECT: GRB 250814A: Further GRAWITA TNG NIR observations
DATE: 25/08/18 06:30:03 GMT
FROM: Paolo D'Avanzo at INAF - OAB <paolo.davanzo(a)inaf.it>
P. D'Avanzo, (INAF-OAB), M.T. Botticella, L. Izzo (INAF - OACn), A. Rossi (INAF-OAS), V. D’Elia (ASI-SSDC), G. Greco (INFN), M.G. Bernardini (INAF-OAB), B. Patricelli (Univ. Pisa), E. Cappellaro (INAF-OAPd), E. Brocato (INAF-OAR), M. Pedani, G Mainella (INAF-TNG), on behalf of GRAWITA report:
We observed the field of GRB 250814A detected by Swift/BAT and Fermi/GBM (Caputo et al. GCN Circ. 41358; Fermi team, GCN Circ. 41357) and possibly associated with the sub-threshold GW trigger S250814bg (LVK, GCN Circ. 41364) with the Italian 3.6m TNG telescope, located in Canary Islands (Spain), equipped with the near-infrared camera NICS in imaging mode.
A series of images were obtained with the H filter starting on 2025-08-17T00:15:57 UT (i.e. 2.1 days post T0), centered at the position of the X-ray afterglow detected by Swift/XRT (Caputo et al. GCN Circ. 41358; Salvaggio et al., GCN Circ. 41379).
The two NIR sources reported by D'Avanzo et al. (GCN Circ. 41391) are clearly detected. From preliminary photometry we find no evidence for significant variability for both sources with respect to our previous epoch of observation (D'Avanzo et al. GCN Circ. 41391). We therefore conclude that these sources are likely unrelated with GRB 250814A.
View this GCN Circular online at https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/41408.
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TITLE: GCN CIRCULAR
NUMBER: 41407
SUBJECT: GRB 250818B: Swift-XRT afterglow detection
DATE: 25/08/18 05:50:58 GMT
FROM: Phil Evans at U of Leicester <pae9(a)star.le.ac.uk>
M. Ferro (INAF-OAB), J.A. Kennea (PSU), D.N. Burrows (PSU), M.A.
Williams (PSU), A.P. Beardmore (U. Leicester), J.P. Osborne (U.
Leicester), R. Brivio (INAF-OAB), A. D'Ai (INAF-IASFPA) and P.A. Evans
(U. Leicester) reports on behalf of the Swift-XRT team:
Swift-XRT has performed follow-up observations of GRB 250818B. We
searched for X-ray sources in 604 s of Photon Counting (PC) mode data.
The total exposure at the position of the afterglow (see below) is 604
s, obtained between T0+1.7 ks and T0+2.3 ks.
An uncatalogued X-ray source is detected and is above the RASS 3-sigma
upper limit at this position, and is therefore likely the GRB
afterglow. The position of this source is RA, Dec=46.0552, -3.1251
which is equivalent to:
RA (J2000): 03h 04m 13.24s
Dec(J2000): -03h 07m 30.24s
with an uncertainty of 3.6 arcsec (radius, 90% confidence). The light
curve is consistent with a constant source of mean count rate 7.1e-01
ct/sec, though only covers a short interval of time. The position is
also consistent with the fading optical counterpart candidate
GOTO25fzq/AT 2025ukm reported by GOTO (GCN Circ. 41406).
A spectrum formed from the PC mode data can be fitted with an absorbed
power-law with a photon spectral index of 1.67 (+0.26, -0.20). The
best-fitting absorption column is 8.6 (+8.1, -2.1) x 10^20 cm^-2,
consistent with the Galactic value of 6.5 x 10^20 cm^-2 (Willingale et
al. 2013). The counts to observed (unabsorbed) 0.3-10 keV flux
conversion factor deduced from this spectrum is 4.0 x 10^-11 (4.5 x
10^-11) erg cm^-2 count^-1.
A summary of the PC-mode spectrum is thus:
Total column: 8.6 (+8.1, -2.1) x 10^20 cm^-2
Galactic foreground: 6.5 x 10^20 cm^-2
Excess significance: <1.6 sigma
Photon index: 1.67 (+0.26, -0.20)
The results of the XRT-team automatic analysis are available at
http://www.swift.ac.uk/xrt_products/03000030.
The results of the full analysis of the XRT observations are available
at https://www.swift.ac.uk/ToO_GRBs/SVOM_FIELD00031.
This circular is an official product of the Swift-XRT team.
View this GCN Circular online at https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/41407.
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TITLE: GCN CIRCULAR
NUMBER: 41406
SUBJECT: GRB 250818B: GOTO optical counterpart candidate
DATE: 25/08/18 05:44:49 GMT
FROM: Amit Kumar at Royal Holloway - UoL/ U of Warwick, UK <amitkundu515(a)gmail.com>
A. Kumar, S. Belkin, B. P. Gompertz, R. Starling, K. Ackley, M. J. Dyer, J. Lyman, K. Ulaczyk, D. O'Neill, B. Godson, D. Steeghs, D. K. Galloway, V. Dhillon, P. O'Brien, G. Ramsay, K. Noysena, R. Kotak, R. P. Breton, L. K. Nuttall, and J. Casares report on behalf of the GOTO collaboration:
We report on observations with the Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO; Steeghs et al. 2022, Dyer et al. 2024) in response to SVOM/ECLAIRs GRB 250818B (sb25081801, Wang et al. GCN 41405). Targeted observations were performed at 2025-08-18 from 04:01:34 UT to 05:09:40 UT (from +0.54 to 1.67 h post-trigger, respectively). Each observation consisted of 4x90s exposures in the GOTO L-band (400-700 nm).
Images were processed immediately after acquisition using the GOTO pipeline. Difference imaging was performed using deeper template observations. Source candidates were initially filtered using a classifier (Killestein et al. 2021) and cross-matched against a variety of contextual and minor planet catalogs. Human vetting was carried out in real time on any candidates that passed the above checks.
We identify GOTO25fzq/AT 2025ukm as a new candidate optical counterpart within the SVOM/ECLAIRs 90% localisation region. We find no evidence of this source prior to the GRB trigger time in previous GOTO observations, the ZTF observations provided by the Lasair broker (Smith et al. 2019), or the ATLAS forced photometry server (Shingles et al. 2021). The GOTO observations, obtained 9.23 hours before the trigger, show no source at this position, with a 3-sigma limiting magnitude of L > 20.3 (AB). The source shows a clear decay and is a strong candidate optical counterpart to GRB 250818B.
Name | RA(J2000) | Dec(J2000) | T-T0 (h) | Filter | Mag (AB)
GOTO25fzq | 03:04:13.52 | -03:07:30.82 | 0.54 | L | 18.71 ± 0.14
| 1.67 | L | 19.49 ± 0.18
Magnitudes were calibrated using ATLAS-REFCAT2 (Tonry et al. 2018) and not corrected for Galactic extinction.
GOTO (https://goto-observatory.org) is a network of telescopes that is principally funded by the STFC and operated at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on La Palma, Spain, and Siding Spring Observatory in NSW, Australia, on behalf of a consortium including the University of Warwick, Monash University, Armagh Observatory & Planetarium, the University of Leicester, the University of Sheffield, the National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (NARIT), the University of Turku, the University of Portsmouth, the University of Manchester and the Instituto de Astrofisica
de Canarias (IAC).
View this GCN Circular online at https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/41406.
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TITLE: GCN CIRCULAR
NUMBER: 41405
SUBJECT: GRB 250818B: SVOM detection of a short burst
DATE: 25/08/18 04:00:21 GMT
FROM: SVOM_group <svomgroup(a)bao.ac.cn>
Z. Q. Wang (GXU), Y. F. Liang (PMOC), W. J. Xie, D. H.Zhao (NAOC), F. Robinet (IJCLab), L. Zhang (IHEP), report on behalf of the SVOM mission team:
At 2025-08-18T03:29:09 UTC (T0), SVOM/ECLAIRs triggered and located the gamma-ray burst GRB 250818B (SVOM burst-id sb25081801).
The following trigger information was received on the ground with low latency by the SVOM VHF Alert Network.
The burst was detected both by the Count-Rate Trigger (CRT) and the Image Trigger (IMT), which produced a sequence of 8 alerts. CRT provided the alert with the best signal-to-noise-ratio in the image (SNR) of 10.74 in the [5-20] keV energy band over a time window of 2.50 seconds starting at 2025-08-18T03:29:08.
The localization of the best alert is R.A., Dec. 46.0666, -3.1784 degrees:
R.A. (J2000) = 3h04m15.99s
Dec. (J2000) = -3d10m42.10s
with a 90% confidence level (C.L.) radius of 7.44 arcmin (including systematic error of 2 arcmin added in quadrature).
This burst also triggered SVOM/GRM at 2025-08-18T03:29:08 on a timescale of 1 seconds with an SNR of 6.80.
https://www.bursthub.cn//admin/static/svgrb250818B.png
SVOM slewed to the burst. However, the MXT was occulted by the Earth. The burst localization results will be published later in another GCN circular.
A SVOM ToO has been programmed for follow-up.
The Space-based multi-band astronomical Variable Objects Monitor (SVOM) is a China-France joint mission led by the Chinese National Space Administration (CNSA), French Space Agency (CNES), and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), which is dedicated to observing gamma-ray bursts and other transient phenomena in the energetic universe. SVOM/ECLAIRs was developed jointly by CNES, CEA-IRFU, CNRS-IRAP, CNRS-APC. SVOM/GRM was developed by the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) of CAS. SVOM/MXT was developed jointly by CNES, CEA-IRFU, CNRS-IJCLab, University of Leicester, MPE.
The Burst Advocate (BA) on shift for this alert is Ziqi.Wang: ziqi.wang(a)st.gxu.edu.cn.
Please contact the BA by email if you require additional information.
View this GCN Circular online at https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/41405.
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TITLE: GCN CIRCULAR
NUMBER: 41404
SUBJECT: LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA S250818t: Identification of a GW compact binary merger candidate
DATE: 25/08/18 02:52:38 GMT
FROM: Jiyoon Sun <jiyoon.sun.h(a)gmail.com>
The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, and the KAGRA Collaboration report:
We identified the compact binary merger candidate S250818t during real-time processing of data from LIGO Hanford Observatory (H1), LIGO Livingston Observatory (L1), and Virgo Observatory (V1) at 2025-08-18 02:08:58.392 UTC (GPS time: 1439518156.392). The candidate was found by the GstLAL [1], MBTA [2], and PyCBC Live [3] analysis pipelines.
S250818t is an event of interest because its false alarm rate, as estimated by the online analysis, is 1.7e-11 Hz, or about one in 1e3 years. The event's properties can be found at this URL:
https://gracedb.ligo.org/superevents/S250818t
The classification of the GW signal, in order of descending probability, is BBH (>99%), Terrestrial (<1%), BNS (<1%), or NSBH (<1%).
Assuming the candidate is astrophysical in origin, the probability that at least one of the compact objects is consistent with a neutron star mass (HasNS) is <1%. [4] Using the masses and spins inferred from the signal, the probability of matter outside the final compact object (HasRemnant) is <1%. [4] Both HasNS and HasRemnant consider the support of several neutron star equations of state for maximum neutron star mass. The probability that either of the binary components lies between 3 and 5 solar masses (HasMassGap) is 2%.
The source chirp mass falls with highest probability in the bin (5.5, 11.0) solar masses, assuming the candidate is astrophysical in origin.
Two sky maps are available at this time and can be retrieved from the GraceDB event page:
* bayestar.multiorder.fits,0, an initial localization generated by BAYESTAR [5], distributed via GCN and SCiMMA notices about 32 seconds after the candidate event time.
* bayestar.multiorder.fits,1, an initial localization generated by BAYESTAR [5], distributed via GCN and SCiMMA notices about 5 minutes after the candidate event time.
The preferred sky map at this time is bayestar.multiorder.fits,1. For the bayestar.multiorder.fits,1 sky map, the 90% credible region is 377 deg2. Marginalized over the whole sky, the a posteriori luminosity distance estimate is 1311 +/- 350 Mpc (a posteriori mean +/- standard deviation).
For further information about analysis methodology and the contents of this alert, refer to the LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA Public Alerts User Guide https://emfollow.docs.ligo.org/.
[1] Tsukada et al. PRD 108, 043004 (2023) doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.108.043004 and Ewing et al. PRD 109, 042008 (2024) doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.109.042008
[2] Alléné et al. CQG 42, 105009 (2025) doi:10.1088/1361-6382/add234
[3] Dal Canton et al. ApJ 923, 254 (2021) doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac2f9a
[4] Chatterjee et al. ApJ 896, 54 (2020) doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab8dbe
[5] Singer & Price PRD 93, 024013 (2016) doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.93.024013
View this GCN Circular online at https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/41404.
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TITLE: GCN CIRCULAR
NUMBER: 41403
SUBJECT: GRB 250818A: Swift detection of a burst
DATE: 25/08/18 01:48:57 GMT
FROM: K.L. Page at U Leicester <klp5(a)leicester.ac.uk>
S. B. Cenko (GSFC), C. Gronwall (PSU), R. Gupta (NASA GSFC),
H. A. Krimm (NSF), A. Y. Lien (U Tampa), K. L. Page (U Leicester),
D. M. Palmer (LANL) and M. H. Siegel (PSU) report on behalf of the
Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory Team:
At 01:31:22 UT, the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) triggered and
located GRB 250818A (trigger=1343270). Swift slewed immediately to the burst.
The BAT on-board calculated location is
RA, Dec 213.833, -58.007 which is
RA(J2000) = 14h 15m 20s
Dec(J2000) = -58d 00' 26"
with an uncertainty of 3 arcmin (radius, 90% containment, including
systematic uncertainty). Due to a communications gap, only the
BAT light curve after T+8s is available. This later lightcurve
shows a complex structure out to at least T+150s. The peak count
rate in the available lightcurve was ~5500 counts/sec (15-350 keV),
at ~80 sec after the trigger.
The XRT began observing the field at 01:33:00.6 UT, 97.9 seconds after
the BAT trigger. XRT found a bright, uncatalogued X-ray source located
at RA, Dec 213.8002, -58.0134 which is equivalent to:
RA(J2000) = 14h 15m 12.05s
Dec(J2000) = -58d 00' 48.2"
with an uncertainty of 4.9 arcseconds (radius, 90% containment). This
location is 66 arcseconds from the BAT onboard position, within the BAT
error circle. Despite the onboard localisation, no X-ray source was
detected in 45 s of promptly-downlinked data, suggesting that the
initial centroid may equally have been a cosmic ray. This position
should therefore be treated with caution.
The initial flux in the 0.1 s image was 1.09e-07 erg cm^-2 s^-1 (0.2-10
keV).
UVOT took a finding chart exposure of 250 seconds with the U filter starting
162 seconds after the BAT trigger. No credible afterglow candidate has been
found in the initial data products. The 2.7'x2.7' sub-image covers none of the
XRT error circle. The 8'x8' region for the list of sources generated on-board
covers 100% of the XRT error circle. Because of the density of catalogued
stars, further analysis is required to report an upper limit for any afterglow
in the region. No correction has been made for the large, but uncertain,
extinction expected.
Burst Advocate for this burst is S. B. Cenko (brad.cenko AT nasa.gov).
Please contact the BA by email if you require additional information
regarding Swift followup of this burst. In extremely urgent cases, after
trying the Burst Advocate, you can contact the Swift PI by phone (see
Swift TOO web site for information: http://www.swift.psu.edu/)
View this GCN Circular online at https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/41403.
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