TITLE: GCN CIRCULAR
NUMBER: 41414
SUBJECT: LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA S250818k: Candidates from the Zwicky Transient Facility
DATE: 25/08/18 17:01:30 GMT
FROM: Robert David Stein at JSI <rdstein(a)umd.edu>
Robert Stein (JSI/UMD), Tomás Ahumada (Caltech) Mansi Kasliwal (Caltech), Theophile du Laz (Caltech), Utkarsh Pathak (IITB), Vishwajeet Swain (IITB), Anirudh Salgundi (UNC), Varun Bhalerao (IITB), Xander J. Hall (CMU) report,
On behalf of the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and Global Relay of Observatories Watching Transients Happen (GROWTH) collaborations:
We observed the localization region of the LVK trigger S250818k with the Palomar 48-inch telescope, equipped with the 47 square degree ZTF camera (Bellm et al. 2019, Graham et al. 2019). We started observations in the g- and r-band beginning at 2025-08-18 04:02 UTC, approximately 2.7 hours after merger. We covered 25.2% (168.3 sq deg) of the reported localization region. This estimate accounts for chip gaps. Each exposure was 300s with a typical depth of 22 mag.
The images were processed in real-time through the ZTF reduction and image subtraction pipelines at IPAC to search for potential counterparts (Masci et al. 2019). AMPEL (Nordin et al. 2019, Stein et al. 2021) was used to search the alerts database for candidates. We reject stellar sources (Tachibana and Miller 2018) and moving objects, and apply machine learning algorithms (Mahabal et al. 2019) , and removing candidates with history of variability prior to the merger time.
We are left with 58 transient candidates, all lying within the 95.0% localization of the skymap. We perform additional vetting of these candidates, and identify those which appear to be hosted in galaxies at plausible redshifts for S250818k.
We highlight one of these candidates, ZTF25abjmnps/AT2025ulz.
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ZTF Name | IAU Name | RA (deg) | DEC (deg) | Filter | Mag | MagErr |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ZTF25abjmnps | AT2025ulz | 237.9757129 | +30.9023146 | r | 21.29 | 0.13 |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
ZTF25abjmnps is in an elliptical galaxy with a Legacy Survey photometric redshift of z = 0.091 +/- 0.016, is therefore consistent with the estimated distance of S250818k. The lower 95th percentile limit of the photoz is 0.057, and at this distance S250818k would have an absolute g-band peak magnitude of M=-16.1. However, the higher redshifts would be more consistent with a supernova luminosity of M=-17.
Forced photometry of this source reveals several detections in our data. The source appears to possibly be fading in g-band, but given the low SNR and short baseline it is difficult to constrain this.
There are also several recent non-detections, but all upper limits are shallower than the magnitude of the transient in our images. We therefore cannot confirm whether the source is young, or if it predates the merger.
We encourage observations of ZTF25abjmnps, to determine the nature of this source.
Analysis of the remaining ZTF candidates is ongoing.
Based on observations obtained with the Samuel Oschin Telescope 48-inch and the 60-inch Telescope at the Palomar Observatory as part of the Zwicky Transient Facility project. ZTF is supported by the National Science Foundation under Award #2407588 and a partnership including Caltech, USA; Caltech/IPAC, USA; University of Maryland, USA; University of California, Berkeley, USA; University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, USA; Cornell University, USA; Drexel University, USA; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; Institute of Science and Technology, Austria; National Central University, Taiwan; Operations are conducted by Caltech's Optical Observatory (COO) and Caltech/IPAC. GROWTH acknowledges the generous support of the NSF under PIRE Grant No 1545949. Alert database searches are done by AMPEL (Nordin et al. 2019) and Kowalski (Duev et al. 2019). The GROWTH India Telescope (GIT, Kumar et al., 2022) is set up by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) and the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB) with funding from DST-SERB and IUSSTF. Its operations are partially supported by funding from the IIT Bombay alumni batch of 1994. The Fritz and SkyPortal projects acknowledge the generous support of The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.
View this GCN Circular online at https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/41414.
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TITLE: GCN CIRCULAR
NUMBER: 41413
SUBJECT: GRB 250818A: Enhanced Swift-XRT position
DATE: 25/08/18 16:24:03 GMT
FROM: Phil Evans at U of Leicester <pae9(a)star.le.ac.uk>
J.P. Osborne, A.P. Beardmore, P.A. Evans and M.R. Goad (U. Leicester)
report on behalf of the Swift-XRT team.
Using 431 s of XRT Photon Counting mode data and 2 UVOT
images for GRB 250818A, we find an astrometrically corrected X-ray
position (using the XRT-UVOT alignment and matching UVOT field sources
to the USNO-B1 catalogue): RA, Dec = 213.80012, -58.01403 which is equivalent
to:
RA (J2000): 14h 15m 12.03s
Dec (J2000): -58d 00' 50.5"
with an uncertainty of 2.4 arcsec (radius, 90% confidence).
This position may be improved as more data are received. The latest
position can be viewed at http://www.swift.ac.uk/xrt_positions. Position
enhancement is described by Goad et al. (2007, A&A, 476, 1401) and Evans
et al. (2009, MNRAS, 397, 1177).
This circular was automatically generated, and is an official product of the
Swift-XRT team.
View this GCN Circular online at https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/41413.
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TITLE: GCN CIRCULAR
NUMBER: 41412
SUBJECT: GRB 250813B: SVOM/ECLAIRs refined analysis
DATE: 25/08/18 15:48:24 GMT
FROM: SVOM_group <svomgroup(a)bao.ac.cn>
M. Brunet, O. Godet, H. Yang (IRAP), W.J. Xie (NAOC), B.T. Wang (YNAO, CAS)
report on behalf of the SVOM/ECLAIRs team:
Using the event-by-event data downloaded through the X-band ground station, we report further analysis of ECLAIRs observations of GRB 250813B (SVOM burst-id sb25081303).
The burst that triggered ECLAIRs onboard (Xie et al. GCN 41352/[41354](https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/41354?view=index&query=250813B…) consists of multiple peaks. By considering only the data before the slew of the platform, the T90-value is 26.8 +0.4/-0.5 s in the 4-120 keV energy band. We note that ECLAIRs detected some emission up to at least T0+90s (T0 = 2025-08-13T22:51:12 UTC).
The time-averaged spectrum from T0-5.5 s to T0+36 s in the energy range 4-120 keV is best fitted by a cutoff power law. The powerlaw index is -0.936 +0.031/-0.032 and the cutoff energy, parameterized as Epeak, is 104 +12/-10 keV. With this model, the total flux in 4-120 keV is (1.10 +0.01/-0.03)e-5 erg/cm^2/s.
With a redshift of z = 1.752 (Schneider et al., GCN 41363), the burst isotropic energy Eiso (from 1 keV to 10 MeV in its rest frame) is (1.34 +0.07/-0.08)e53 erg, which makes this GRB consistent with type II GRBs in the 'Amati' relation diagram (Amati et al. 2002).
We note that the ECLAIRs results are consistent within the errors with those provided by both SVOM/GRM (Tan et al., GCN 41383) and Fermi/GBM (Smith et al., GCN 41376).
All quoted errors are at the 68% confidence level.
We note that the calibration of SVOM/ECLAIRs is ongoing thus these results are preliminary.
The Space-based multi-band astronomical Variable Objects Monitor (SVOM) is a China-France joint mission led by the Chinese National Space Administration (CNSA), French Space Agency (CNES), and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), which is dedicated to observing gamma-ray bursts and other transient phenomena in the energetic universe. ECLAIRs was developed jointly by CNES, CEA-IRFU, CNRS-IRAP, CNRS-APC.
The SVOM/ECLAIRs point of contact for this GCN circular is Marius Brunet: (marius.brunet AT irap.omp.eu).
View this GCN Circular online at https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/41412.
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TITLE: GCN CIRCULAR
NUMBER: 41411
SUBJECT: GRB 240818A: Fermi GBM Observation
DATE: 25/08/18 15:01:48 GMT
FROM: Cuán de Barra at UCD <cuan.debarra(a)ucdconnect.ie>
C. de Barra (University College Dublin) and C. Meegan (UAH) report on behalf of the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor Team:
"At 01:31:23.00 UT on 18 August 2025, the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM)
triggered and located GRB 250818A (trigger 777173487/250818063)
which was also detected by Swift BAT (S. B. Cenko et al. 2025, GCN 41403).
The Fermi GBM on-ground location is consistent with the Swift BAT position.
The angle from the Fermi LAT boresight is 146 degrees.
The GBM light curve consists of multiple emission episodes with a duration (T90)
of about 101 s (50-300 keV). The time-averaged spectrum
from T0-9.2 to T0+94.2 s is best fit by
a power law function with an exponential high-energy cutoff.
The power law index is -0.83 +/- 0.14 and the cutoff energy,
parameterized as Epeak, is 83 +/- 5 keV.
The event fluence (10-1000 keV) in this time interval is
(1.62 +/- 0.06)E-05 erg/cm^2. The 1-sec peak photon flux measured
starting from T0+78 s in the 10-1000 keV band is 8.8 +/- 0.7 ph/s/cm^2.
The spectral analysis results presented above are preliminary;
final results will be published in the GBM GRB Catalog:
https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/W3Browse/fermi/fermigbrst.html
For Fermi GBM data and info, please visit the official Fermi GBM Support Page:
https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/gbm/"
View this GCN Circular online at https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/41411.
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TITLE: GCN CIRCULAR
NUMBER: 41411
SUBJECT: GRB 240418A: Fermi GBM Observation
DATE: 25/08/18 15:01:48 GMT
FROM: Cuán de Barra at UCD <cuan.debarra(a)ucdconnect.ie>
C. de Barra (University College Dublin) and C. Meegan (UAH) report on behalf of the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor Team:
"At 01:31:23.00 UT on 18 August 2025, the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM)
triggered and located GRB 250818A (trigger 777173487/250818063)
which was also detected by Swift BAT (S. B. Cenko et al. 2025, GCN 41403).
The Fermi GBM on-ground location is consistent with the Swift BAT position.
The angle from the Fermi LAT boresight is 146 degrees.
The GBM light curve consists of multiple emission episodes with a duration (T90)
of about 101 s (50-300 keV). The time-averaged spectrum
from T0-9.2 to T0+94.2 s is best fit by
a power law function with an exponential high-energy cutoff.
The power law index is -0.83 +/- 0.14 and the cutoff energy,
parameterized as Epeak, is 83 +/- 5 keV.
The event fluence (10-1000 keV) in this time interval is
(1.62 +/- 0.06)E-05 erg/cm^2. The 1-sec peak photon flux measured
starting from T0+78 s in the 10-1000 keV band is 8.8 +/- 0.7 ph/s/cm^2.
The spectral analysis results presented above are preliminary;
final results will be published in the GBM GRB Catalog:
https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/W3Browse/fermi/fermigbrst.html
For Fermi GBM data and info, please visit the official Fermi GBM Support Page:
https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/gbm/"
View this GCN Circular online at https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/41411.
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TITLE: GCN CIRCULAR
NUMBER: 41410
SUBJECT: LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA S250818k: Coverage and upper limits from MAXI/GSC observations
DATE: 25/08/18 09:38:35 GMT
FROM: Satoshi Sugita at Aoyama Gakuin U. <sugita(a)phys.aoyama.ac.jp>
M. Nakajima, H. Negoro, K. Takagi (Nihon U.),
N. Kawai, T. Mihara, (RIKEN),
S. Sugita, M. Serino, Y. Kawakubo, H. Hiramatsu, Y. Kondo (AGU)
report on behalf of the MAXI team:
We examined MAXI/GSC all-sky X-ray images (2-20 keV)
after compact binary merger candidate S250818k at 2025-08-18 01:20:06.030 UTC.
At the trigger time of S250818k, the high-voltage of MAXI/GSC was on.
The instantaneous field of view of GSC at the GW trigger time covered 1% of the 90% credible region
of the bayestar sky map, in which we found no significant new X-ray source.
The first one-orbit (92 min) scan observation with GSC after the event covered 78%
of the 90% credible region of the bayestar skymap from 01:20:06 to 02:51:15 UTC (T0+0 to T0+5469 sec).
No significant new source was found in the region in the one-orbit scan observation.
A typical 1-sigma averaged upper limit obtained in one scan observation
is 20 mCrab at 2-20 keV.
If you require information about X-ray flux by MAXI/GSC at specific coordinates,
please contact the submitter of this circular by email.
View this GCN Circular online at https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/41410.
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TITLE: GCN CIRCULAR
NUMBER: 41409
SUBJECT: GRB 250818B: SVOM/VT optical observation
DATE: 25/08/18 07:13:51 GMT
FROM: SVOM_group <svomgroup(a)bao.ac.cn>
Z. H. Yao, L. P. Xin, H. L. Li, Y. L. Qiu, C. Wu, Y. N. Ma, X. H. Han, J. Wang, Y. Xu, P. P. Zhang, W. J. Xie, Y. J. Xiao, H. B. Cai, J. S. Deng, J. Y. Wei (NAOC), J. Palmerio (CEA), Z. Q. Wang (GXU), Y. F. Liang (PMOC) report on behalf of the SVOM/VT team.
SVOM performed an automatic slew on the burst GRB 250818B triggered by SVOM/ECLAIRs (Wang et al., GCN 41405). SVOM/VT start the observations at 2025-08-18T03:32:27.5, 198.5 seconds after the burst, in the VT_B (400nm-650nm) and VT_R (650nm-1000nm) channels simultaneously.
With X-band data availible, the optical counterpart (GOTO25fzq, Kumar et al., GCN 41406) at the position consistent with the locations of Swift/XRT (Ferro et al., GCN 41407), was clearly detected in VT_B. The magnitudes are:
T-T0 (s) | exposure time (s) | band | mag (AB) | mag err
------------------|-------------------|------|----------|--------
198.5 | 50 | VT_B | 17.61 | 0.03
3963.5 | 50 | VT_B | 19.02 | 0.03
Our photometry was not corrected for Galactic extinction.
The Space Variable Objects Monitor (SVOM) is a China-France joint mission led by the Chinese National Space Administration (CNSA, China), National Center for Space Studies (CNES, France) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS, China), which is dedicated to observing gamma-ray bursts and other transient phenomena in the energetic universe. VT was jointly developed by Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), CAS and National astronomical observatories (NAOC), CAS.
The SVOM point of contact for this burst is Ziqi Wang (ziqi.wang(a)st.gxu.edu.cn)
Please contact the BA by email if you require additional information regarding the SVOM follow-up of this burst.
View this GCN Circular online at https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/41409.
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TITLE: GCN CIRCULAR
NUMBER: 41408
SUBJECT: GRB 250814A: Further GRAWITA TNG NIR observations
DATE: 25/08/18 06:30:03 GMT
FROM: Paolo D'Avanzo at INAF - OAB <paolo.davanzo(a)inaf.it>
P. D'Avanzo, (INAF-OAB), M.T. Botticella, L. Izzo (INAF - OACn), A. Rossi (INAF-OAS), V. D’Elia (ASI-SSDC), G. Greco (INFN), M.G. Bernardini (INAF-OAB), B. Patricelli (Univ. Pisa), E. Cappellaro (INAF-OAPd), E. Brocato (INAF-OAR), M. Pedani, G Mainella (INAF-TNG), on behalf of GRAWITA report:
We observed the field of GRB 250814A detected by Swift/BAT and Fermi/GBM (Caputo et al. GCN Circ. 41358; Fermi team, GCN Circ. 41357) and possibly associated with the sub-threshold GW trigger S250814bg (LVK, GCN Circ. 41364) with the Italian 3.6m TNG telescope, located in Canary Islands (Spain), equipped with the near-infrared camera NICS in imaging mode.
A series of images were obtained with the H filter starting on 2025-08-17T00:15:57 UT (i.e. 2.1 days post T0), centered at the position of the X-ray afterglow detected by Swift/XRT (Caputo et al. GCN Circ. 41358; Salvaggio et al., GCN Circ. 41379).
The two NIR sources reported by D'Avanzo et al. (GCN Circ. 41391) are clearly detected. From preliminary photometry we find no evidence for significant variability for both sources with respect to our previous epoch of observation (D'Avanzo et al. GCN Circ. 41391). We therefore conclude that these sources are likely unrelated with GRB 250814A.
View this GCN Circular online at https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/41408.
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TITLE: GCN CIRCULAR
NUMBER: 41407
SUBJECT: GRB 250818B: Swift-XRT afterglow detection
DATE: 25/08/18 05:50:58 GMT
FROM: Phil Evans at U of Leicester <pae9(a)star.le.ac.uk>
M. Ferro (INAF-OAB), J.A. Kennea (PSU), D.N. Burrows (PSU), M.A.
Williams (PSU), A.P. Beardmore (U. Leicester), J.P. Osborne (U.
Leicester), R. Brivio (INAF-OAB), A. D'Ai (INAF-IASFPA) and P.A. Evans
(U. Leicester) reports on behalf of the Swift-XRT team:
Swift-XRT has performed follow-up observations of GRB 250818B. We
searched for X-ray sources in 604 s of Photon Counting (PC) mode data.
The total exposure at the position of the afterglow (see below) is 604
s, obtained between T0+1.7 ks and T0+2.3 ks.
An uncatalogued X-ray source is detected and is above the RASS 3-sigma
upper limit at this position, and is therefore likely the GRB
afterglow. The position of this source is RA, Dec=46.0552, -3.1251
which is equivalent to:
RA (J2000): 03h 04m 13.24s
Dec(J2000): -03h 07m 30.24s
with an uncertainty of 3.6 arcsec (radius, 90% confidence). The light
curve is consistent with a constant source of mean count rate 7.1e-01
ct/sec, though only covers a short interval of time. The position is
also consistent with the fading optical counterpart candidate
GOTO25fzq/AT 2025ukm reported by GOTO (GCN Circ. 41406).
A spectrum formed from the PC mode data can be fitted with an absorbed
power-law with a photon spectral index of 1.67 (+0.26, -0.20). The
best-fitting absorption column is 8.6 (+8.1, -2.1) x 10^20 cm^-2,
consistent with the Galactic value of 6.5 x 10^20 cm^-2 (Willingale et
al. 2013). The counts to observed (unabsorbed) 0.3-10 keV flux
conversion factor deduced from this spectrum is 4.0 x 10^-11 (4.5 x
10^-11) erg cm^-2 count^-1.
A summary of the PC-mode spectrum is thus:
Total column: 8.6 (+8.1, -2.1) x 10^20 cm^-2
Galactic foreground: 6.5 x 10^20 cm^-2
Excess significance: <1.6 sigma
Photon index: 1.67 (+0.26, -0.20)
The results of the XRT-team automatic analysis are available at
http://www.swift.ac.uk/xrt_products/03000030.
The results of the full analysis of the XRT observations are available
at https://www.swift.ac.uk/ToO_GRBs/SVOM_FIELD00031.
This circular is an official product of the Swift-XRT team.
View this GCN Circular online at https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/41407.
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TITLE: GCN CIRCULAR
NUMBER: 41406
SUBJECT: GRB 250818B: GOTO optical counterpart candidate
DATE: 25/08/18 05:44:49 GMT
FROM: Amit Kumar at Royal Holloway - UoL/ U of Warwick, UK <amitkundu515(a)gmail.com>
A. Kumar, S. Belkin, B. P. Gompertz, R. Starling, K. Ackley, M. J. Dyer, J. Lyman, K. Ulaczyk, D. O'Neill, B. Godson, D. Steeghs, D. K. Galloway, V. Dhillon, P. O'Brien, G. Ramsay, K. Noysena, R. Kotak, R. P. Breton, L. K. Nuttall, and J. Casares report on behalf of the GOTO collaboration:
We report on observations with the Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO; Steeghs et al. 2022, Dyer et al. 2024) in response to SVOM/ECLAIRs GRB 250818B (sb25081801, Wang et al. GCN 41405). Targeted observations were performed at 2025-08-18 from 04:01:34 UT to 05:09:40 UT (from +0.54 to 1.67 h post-trigger, respectively). Each observation consisted of 4x90s exposures in the GOTO L-band (400-700 nm).
Images were processed immediately after acquisition using the GOTO pipeline. Difference imaging was performed using deeper template observations. Source candidates were initially filtered using a classifier (Killestein et al. 2021) and cross-matched against a variety of contextual and minor planet catalogs. Human vetting was carried out in real time on any candidates that passed the above checks.
We identify GOTO25fzq/AT 2025ukm as a new candidate optical counterpart within the SVOM/ECLAIRs 90% localisation region. We find no evidence of this source prior to the GRB trigger time in previous GOTO observations, the ZTF observations provided by the Lasair broker (Smith et al. 2019), or the ATLAS forced photometry server (Shingles et al. 2021). The GOTO observations, obtained 9.23 hours before the trigger, show no source at this position, with a 3-sigma limiting magnitude of L > 20.3 (AB). The source shows a clear decay and is a strong candidate optical counterpart to GRB 250818B.
Name | RA(J2000) | Dec(J2000) | T-T0 (h) | Filter | Mag (AB)
GOTO25fzq | 03:04:13.52 | -03:07:30.82 | 0.54 | L | 18.71 ± 0.14
| 1.67 | L | 19.49 ± 0.18
Magnitudes were calibrated using ATLAS-REFCAT2 (Tonry et al. 2018) and not corrected for Galactic extinction.
GOTO (https://goto-observatory.org) is a network of telescopes that is principally funded by the STFC and operated at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on La Palma, Spain, and Siding Spring Observatory in NSW, Australia, on behalf of a consortium including the University of Warwick, Monash University, Armagh Observatory & Planetarium, the University of Leicester, the University of Sheffield, the National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (NARIT), the University of Turku, the University of Portsmouth, the University of Manchester and the Instituto de Astrofisica
de Canarias (IAC).
View this GCN Circular online at https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/41406.
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